India is currently facing its largest outbreak of the Chandipura virus (CHPV) in two decades, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). As of the latest update on August 23, 64 cases of CHPV have been confirmed.
The Chandipura virus, a member of the Rhabdoviridae family, is known to cause outbreaks of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in the western, central, and southern regions of India, particularly during the monsoon season. While the virus is endemic to India, with outbreaks occurring sporadically, this is the most significant outbreak seen in 20 years.
The virus is transmitted by vectors such as sandflies, mosquitoes, and ticks. The case fatality rate (CFR) for CHPV infection is alarmingly high, ranging from 56% to 75%. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment or vaccine available for this virus. WHO emphasizes that survival rates can be improved with early and intensive supportive care.
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The WHO has recommended enhanced surveillance in high-risk areas, particularly focusing on children under 15 years of age who present with sudden onset fever and central nervous system symptoms. The organization also stressed the importance of ensuring laboratory diagnostic capacities for timely collection, transport, and testing of samples for serological and virological investigation.
While a decline in new AES cases has been observed since July 19, authorities remain vigilant. No human-to-human transmission has been reported so far. However, with the ongoing monsoon season creating favorable conditions for vector populations, further transmission of the virus is possible in the coming weeks.
Also read: Chandipura Virus Outbreak in Gujarat: What You Need to Know
In 2003, a significant outbreak of AES linked to CHPV occurred in Andhra Pradesh, resulting in 329 suspected cases and 183 deaths. Learning from past experiences, the Union Health Ministry has deployed a National Joint Outbreak Response Team (NJORT) to assist the Gujarat government in implementing public health measures and conducting a detailed epidemiological investigation into the current outbreak.
Efforts are also underway to control the vectors responsible for spreading the virus. This includes comprehensive insecticidal spraying and fumigation in affected areas. Public awareness campaigns are being conducted to educate both the public and medical personnel about the virus, its symptoms, and preventive measures.
Additionally, the Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) is actively involved in identifying other viruses that may cause encephalitis and is closely monitoring the situation as it evolves.
The WHO continues to recommend vector control and protection against bites from sandflies, mosquitoes, and ticks as critical measures to prevent the further spread of the Chandipura virus.
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